Avoid activities that may put you at risk, like having unprotected sex or sharing needles. Also, treating any known infections promptly may help reduce your chances of developing a cancer that affects your spleen.
Try to stay away from harmful chemicals that could raise your risk. Specifically, you might want to avoid benzene , which is commonly used in making plastics, lubricants, rubbers, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Some studies have suggested that maintaining a normal weight and eating a healthy diet can lower your risk of cancer. Try to eat lots of fruits and vegetables and exercise daily. Check out this detailed healthy eating guide for help getting started.
Your outlook will depend on how advanced your cancer is and the type of cancer you have. See your doctor right away if you develop symptoms of spleen cancer. As with most cancers, early detection can lead to a better outcome. Your spleen is a small organ located on the left side of your abdomen under your rib cage.
This organ is part of your immune system. Leukemia and lymphoma are blood cancers. Learn more about these conditions. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows multiple well-defined cystic lesions in the perisplenic region invaginating into the spleen arrows in a patient with known pseudomyxoma peritonei. Pancreatic cancer invading through the splenic hilum.
Splenic involvement in sarcoidosis is commonly seen as splenomegaly and less commonly as multiple nodules Fig. There can be associated hepatic involvement and lymphadenopathy in some cases. The nodules are hypodense on CT, and are typically hypointense on all MRI sequences showing minimal and delayed enhancement following contrast administration [ 34 ]. The nodular pattern of involvement can mimic lymphoma or metastatic disease to the spleen.
The presence of larger, confluent lymph nodes suggests the possibility of lymphoma, and the presence of a primary malignancy suggests metastatic disease. Splenic sarcoidosis.
Contrast-enhanced CT shows splenomegaly with innumerable hypodense nodules in the spleen white arrowheads. Multiple tiny nodules in the liver black arrowheads and few enlarged lymph nodes along the celiac axis arrow are noted in a patient with known sarcoidosis representing hepatosplenic involvement and lymph node enlargement. Peliosis of the spleen is a rare condition caused by sinusoidal dilation leading to formation of multiple cyst-like blood-filled cavities within the splenic parenchyma [ 35 ].
This is usually an incidental finding noted in an asymptomatic individual, however spontaneous splenic rupture has been reported [ 36 ]. On CT, multiple small well-defined, hypodense cyst-like lesions are seen Fig. The cystic spaces contain blood components within them that might lead to the presence of fluid-fluid levels and variable signal intensity on MRI [ 37 ].
The lesions may or may not enhance after contrast administration. The cystic nature of the lesions should be helpful in distinguishing peliosis from lymphoma or metastasis, which are typically solid in nature.
Peliosis of spleen. Contrast-enhanced CT shows multiple hypodense lesions arrowheads in a normal-sized spleen. Pathology showed peliosis of the spleen. Most splenic cystic lesions are non-neoplastic lesions and include congenital cysts, post-traumatic pseudocysts Fig.
Most of these are easily distinguishable from cystic metastasis, which usually have associated solid components.
Splenic pseudocyst. Pyogenic splenic abscess can be seen as an isolated involvement of the spleen or as part of a systemic involvement. They are seen as heterogeneous hypodense lesions with smooth or irregular margins that can show variable enhancement Fig. The clinical history is usually corroborative of an infectious cause in these cases. Splenic abscess. There can also be associated hepatic involvement. These are usually seen in immunocompromised patients which can help suggest this diagnosis.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Cancer Imaging v. Cancer Imaging. Published online Aug Kaza , S. Azar , M. Al-Hawary , and I. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Email: ude. Accepted Jul This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract With the exception of lymphoma involving the spleen, other primary and secondary neoplasms are rare and infrequently encountered.
Introduction Primary splenic neoplasms can be broadly categorized into lymphoid neoplasms arising from the white pulp and vascular neoplasms, which arise from the red pulp [ 1 ].
Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Angiosarcoma Although rare, angiosarcoma is the most common primary non-hematopoietic malignant tumor of the spleen [ 7 ]. Figure 3. Primary benign splenic neoplasms Hemangioma Hemangioma is the most common benign neoplasm of spleen and most splenic hemangiomas are found incidentally on imaging [ 10 ]. Figure 4. Lymphangioma Splenic lymphangiomas are rare, benign, slow-growing neoplasms usually seen in childhood [ 14 ].
Figure 5. Hamartoma Splenic hamartoma is a rare benign lesion composed of malformed splenic red pulp elements without organized lymphoid follicles, the exact cause of which is uncertain [ 17 ]. Figure 6. Littoral cell angioma Littoral cell angioma is a rare vascular tumor arising from the littoral cell, which lines the sinuses of splenic red pulp [ 22 ]. Figure 7. Inflammatory pseudotumor Splenic inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare benign lesion of uncertain cause, likely resulting from an unusual inflammatory reparative response to injury such as infection [ 25 ].
Uncommon primary splenic neoplasms Primary mesenchymal tumors such as lipoma, angiomyolipoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and malignant fibrous histocytoma have been reported to occur in the splenic parenchyma but are quite rare Fig. People with spleen cancer can have a variety of symptoms or none at all in some cases. Roughly 25 percent of people with SMZL do not show symptoms. It is essential, however, to remember that an enlarged spleen does not necessarily mean that an individual has spleen cancer.
Spleen cancer is very often due to lymphomas and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in particular, so it is helpful to be aware of signs of this disease. People with any of the symptoms listed above should see a doctor for checks and treatment if it is necessary. Keep in mind that some thing other than cancer many cause these symptoms. For example, an infection can lead to swollen lymph nodes.
Since there is no screening test for spleen cancer, and the disease can develop without symptoms, it is always wise to have a doctor check any signs that are concerning. Doctors use a variety of tools to diagnose spleen cancer. The most direct and conclusive method is surgical removal and testing of a sample of the spleen tissue.
This is also the most invasive, and doctors prefer to use other approaches first. Doctors will be looking for clues to help them diagnose and possibly treat spleen cancer while interviewing the individual about:. Historically, splenectomy was often the first treatment used, and studies have shown that most people who had this surgery did not need any further treatment for 5 years.
However, treatment with a human-made antibody called rituximab has been shown to be almost as effective as surgery at reducing symptoms in people with SMZL. Also, it may be easier to use than surgery. Individuals without symptoms do not necessarily need to receive treatment, but they are urged to see their doctor every 6 months for blood tests and evaluation. Doctors have linked chronic hepatitis C infections to spleen cancer and other forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Rupture can happen straight away or it may happen weeks after the injury. Signs of a ruptured spleen are: pain behind your left ribs and tenderness when you touch this area dizziness and a rapid heart rate a sign of low blood pressure caused by blood loss Sometimes if you lie down and raise your legs, you can feel the pain at the tip of your left shoulder.
A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency, as it can cause life-threatening bleeding. An enlarged spleen The spleen can become swollen after an infection or injury. An enlarged spleen does not always cause symptoms. Otherwise, look out for: feeling full very quickly after eating an enlarged spleen can press on the stomach feeling discomfort or pain behind your left ribs anaemia and fatigue frequent infections easy bleeding Doctors can often tell if you have an enlarged spleen by feeling your abdomen.
Surgery to remove the spleen You may need an operation to remove your spleen, known as a splenectomy, if it's not working properly or it's damaged, diseased or enlarged.
Sometimes just part of your spleen can be removed, which is called a partial splenectomy. Laparoscopy Most operations to remove spleens are carried out using keyhole surgery laparoscopy. The procedure involves: making several small cuts in your tummy guiding a laparoscope into your body through one of the cuts so doctors can see what they're doing passing thin instruments into your tummy through the other cuts to remove your spleen gas will be pumped into your tummy to make this easier The cuts are then stitched up or sometimes glued together.
You may be able to go home the same day, or you may need to stay in hospital overnight. If you go home the same day, someone will need to stay with you for the first 24 hours. Open surgery Open surgery is where one large cut is made. Recovering from spleen surgery It's normal to feel sore and be bruised after a splenectomy, but you'll be given pain relief. You should be able to eat and drink as normal soon after the operation.
Your doctor will talk through these risks with you. Living without a spleen If your spleen needs to be removed, other organs, such as the liver, can take over many of the spleen's functions. Young children have a higher risk of serious infection than adults, but the risk is still small. This risk can be minimised by following simple precautions to prevent infection. You should also be vaccinated against: pneumococcal infections, such as pneumonia, with a booster every 5 years flu get the flu vaccine every year MenACWY MenB Antibiotics It's recommended that you take low-dose antibiotics for the rest of your life to prevent bacterial infections.
Antibiotics are particularly important: for children under the age of 16 for the first 2 years after your spleen is removed if your immune system does not work properly Be alert for signs of infection See a GP as soon as possible if you get signs of an infection.
0コメント