Most miscarriages and birth defects occur during this period. Your body also undergoes major changes during the first trimester. These changes often cause a variety of symptoms, including nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness and frequent urination.
Although these are common pregnancy symptoms, every woman has a different experience. For example, while some may experience an increased energy level during this period, others may feel very tired and emotional. The second trimester of pregnancy is often called the "golden period" because many of the unpleasant effects of early pregnancy disappear. During the second trimester, you're likely to experience decreased nausea, better sleep patterns and an increased energy level.
With our GP services, we aim to give you an appointment the same day, subject to availability. Your body goes through many changes in early pregnancy. Many of these symptoms will settle down as your pregnancy continues but some things, like constipation, may carry on or get worse.
This is important, so that your pregnancy is as healthy as it can be. These changes include giving up smoking if you smoke, and stopping drinking alcohol if you normally do so. You should also be careful about what you eat, and make sure you take folic acid and vitamin D supplements.
Read our information on Planning for pregnancy for more detail. Your baby begins life as a rapidly growing, tiny ball of cells that quickly develops into an embryo.
Some of the cells develop into the placenta, which creates a lifeline between you and your baby. The placenta attaches itself to your womb and is linked to your baby by the umbilical cord. Oxygen, nutrients and hormones from your blood are transferred through the placenta and umbilical cord into your baby.
Waste products from your baby are transferred back into your blood, so you can get rid of them. Your pregnancy will become more visible during your second trimester. Exactly when this happens varies from woman to woman, but most women look pregnant from around the 20th week of pregnancy. Here are some other changes you can expect during your second trimester. In your second trimester, your baby's organs continue to grow and mature. Their ears develop and by 16 weeks, your baby can start to hear some sounds.
He or she will sleep and wake regularly, and may start to kick and stretch. They may even suck their thumb if their hand reaches their mouth. By the 20th week of pregnancy, it's usually possible to see on an ultrasound whether your baby is a boy or a girl.
From 24 weeks, your baby starts to have more chance of surviving if they are born prematurely. But they would need intensive care for a long time if they were born this early. Their chances of surviving improve with every week they stay inside your womb. Here are some of the main changes you can expect in your final trimester, as your baby continues to grow and your body prepares for childbirth. During this trimester, your baby gains weight very quickly and develops fat stores beneath their skin.
Their skin starts to smooth out and they lose their coat of fine hair. Their body gradually becomes more in proportion. Your baby usually turns into a head-down position, ready for birth.
In the last few weeks, they drop lower into your pelvis. You may be more likely to get swelling in your legs if you fly. You may also get a blocked nose, which can cause pains in your ears. If you have morning sickness, flying might make it worse. These include having regular drinks throughout your flight, doing some exercises in your seat to keep your blood circulating and wearing compression stockings.
If you choose to fly after you're 28 weeks pregnant, your airline may ask for a letter from your GP or midwife. You may find it more difficult to get travel insurance after a certain point in your pregnancy.
In fact, pregnancy can be a good time to start a healthier lifestyle and get more active. Some types of exercise, such as swimming and walking, are particularly suited to pregnancy, as they are gentle on your joints. You may just need to adapt what you do as you go through your pregnancy. For instance you may need to jog slowly rather than run, and then switch to walking later in your pregnancy. Start with minute bouts of activity, and try to gradually do more.
You also should avoid any types of exercise where you need to lie flat on your back, like aerobics, yoga and Pilates. These exercises can often be adapted for pregnant women, so discuss with your instructor what you may be able to do instead. Such symptoms include bleeding, dizziness or pain.
Read our information on Exercising during and after pregnancy for more tips. This means that your baby's bottom or feet are pointing downwards inside your womb, rather than their head. This is the usual position for childbirth, and makes birth more straightforward. By the time babies are ready to be born, only around three in will still be in the breech position.
When you go to your later antenatal appointments, your midwife will check the position of your baby. If your baby is breech at 36 weeks, you may be referred to an obstetrician a doctor who specialises in pregnancy and childbirth. This is called an external cephalic version ECV. It involves applying gentle, firm pressure to your abdomen to try to move your baby inside your womb. An ECV can feel uncomfortable at times, but your doctor or midwife will stop if it's painful.
If your baby is still in the breech position after the procedure, your doctor will talk to you about your options for the birth. These include having either a vaginal breech birth or a caesarean delivery. Your doctor will explain the risks and benefits involved in each option, and help you to decide which is best for you.
Most women first feel their baby moving at around 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy. They can also provide guidance and resources for support.
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