First, try adjusting the lighting. Like all plants, algae lives on sunlight, and your tank lamp or natural sunlight exposure could be encouraging your green water.
You also need to immediately run your full testing kit since algae growth could indicate that your nitrate or other levels have gotten off. Yellow water gives the easiest diagnosis: Your tank is dirty. If your water looks yellowish or brownish, your filter is not up to snuff. First, do a thorough deep clean of the tank, including removing items like gravel and accessories for a scrubbing.
Then, take apart the filter and examine it carefully. Some models have replaceable pieces that can be easily swapped in and out. Keep in mind, too, that no amount of filtration will make up for an overcrowded tank. You may need to upgrade your aquarium to make more room, especially if your fish have grown or recently had babies who now have precious little room to swim. Aquarium health means fish health, and keeping their home tidy will go a long way toward keeping them happy.
Why is my fish tank water cloudy? What does yellow water mean? Have three gallons of water per one inch of goldfish. It is best to buy the largest aquarium you can afford. The larger the aquarium, the more waste your aquarium can handle before it becomes a problem to your fish. The reasons for this are fluctuations in the nitrogen cycle, and the release of gases in solution as the result of an increase in water temperature. Also, be sure to monitor and change your filter cartridge on a regular basis.
A milky white cloudy water color to the water is a sign of a bacteria bloom which usually happens during the Nitrogen Cycle Cycling Process of a new tank or if a tank is becoming reestablished after a large water change, medication cycle or other event.
This cloudiness will usually clear up on its own; try to resist the urge to do water changes since this will only make the Cycle last longer and take longer for the bacteria population that needs to grow to take care of this on its own.
You can test the water during this time to make sure everything else is normal, keeping in mind that while a tank is Cycling, you may see spikes in Ammonia and Nitrite.
Yellowish water is usually simply dirty. Test the water to see if this is the case and take a good look at the stocking levels of your tank compared to its size and filtration. If you have four goldfish in a 10 gallon aquarium, it is overcrowded and the waste they produce is polluting the water. If you have two large Oscars in a gallon tank with one small power filter, it is overcrowded and underfiltered.
Take a look at your feeding routine too; you may be feeding the tank more than it needs and the leftover food or the waste the fish produce after pigging out could be fouling up the water. To fix this cloudiness, consider getting a large tank or cutting back on the fish you have in it, invest in a larger, more powerful filter, and consider if you need to feed the fish less.
A filter media with carbon or another chemical neutralizer can help remove the organics that are polluting the water as well. This one straddles a fine line. There are some environments known as "blackwater" systems where this is actually a good thing and completely natural. These environments are usually in forested areas without a lot of water flow. The leaves, wood and other organic matter in the water releases a substance known as tannic acid that dyes the water brown Some fish that live in these environments actually need this kind of water chemistry and there are additives and materials available to help aquarists create this kind of system.
If you don't have these fish and don't want a blackwater tank however, it can be an unsightly nuisance. This usually accidentally comes about from driftwood in the aquarium that hasn't been properly pressure-treated or is too soft and replacing that wood will get rid of the source of the color. Carbon in the filter will help with this as well to remove the color and organics from the water.
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